DHT, Hair Loss and Testosterone: the Connection Explained
It is not your testosterone level that decides whether you keep a full head of hair, but what happens at the hair follicle. At the center stands DHT, a stronger androgen, and an inherited sensitivity of your follicles. Once you understand this, you see behind hair loss not a single culprit but an interplay of enzyme, hormone and genetics.
When men come to me because of hair loss, I often hear the quiet self-reproach: "I probably have too much testosterone." I understand where that comes from, but it leads astray. Male pattern hair loss is not a sign of too much masculinity. It arises because certain hair follicles react in a genetically sensitive way to DHT, a hormone that forms from testosterone only at the follicle itself. This is not a question of character and not a failure. It is biology, and it can be placed calmly and honestly.
Maybe you know this. You stand in front of the mirror in the morning and see the receding hairline a little deeper, the crown a little thinner. More hairs stay in the drain. And in the back of your mind the question gnaws at whether it is your hormones, whether you did something wrong. This is exactly where a closer look pays off, because the common explanation that high testosterone makes you bald is not correct in that form.
In this spoke we look at the interplay behind male pattern hair loss, androgenetic alopecia. We understand what DHT is and how 5-alpha-reductase forms it. We look at the inherited sensitivity of the hair follicle, at the role of genes, and we place finasteride and dutasteride honestly in the context of controlled studies. We also address the post-finasteride debate openly, without playing it down and without fearmongering.
Why DHT, not testosterone, plays the lead role
The common idea is simple: a lot of testosterone, a lot of body hair, so hair loss on the head too. It sounds logical but it is too short a thought. The testosterone level in the blood says surprisingly little about whether you will develop male pattern hair loss. What matters is what happens at the individual hair follicle.
There sits the enzyme 5-alpha-reductase. It converts testosterone into dihydrotestosterone, or DHT for short. DHT is a markedly stronger androgen. It binds more tightly and for longer to the androgen receptor than testosterone itself. Picture testosterone as a voice in the room and DHT as the same voice through an amplifier. In most places of the body this is useful. At genetically sensitive hair follicles this very amplification can become a problem.
DHT, not testosterone, drives the hair loss
Review, clinical data Keith Kaufman summarized in 2002 in Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology the evidence that DHT is the key messenger in male hair loss. Eunuchs with low androgens and men with a congenital 5-alpha-reductase deficiency and very low DHT develop practically no male pattern hair loss. With finasteride, an inhibitor of 5-alpha-reductase, DHT at the scalp dropped and hair growth improved. This strongly suggests that DHT and not total testosterone is the decisive factor at the hair follicle.
Kaufman KD. Mol Cell Endocrinol. 2002;198(1-2):89-95. doi:10.1016/s0303-7207(02)00372-6 · PMID: 12573818
And now it becomes clear why the simple statement "you have too much testosterone" does not fit. It is not about the amount in the blood, but about a local conversion and a local sensitivity. That is exactly why men with a strong beard can keep a full head of hair, while others develop a receding hairline early.
Hair loss is not proof of too much masculinity and not the result of something you did wrong. It is the response of genetically sensitive hair follicles to a perfectly normal hormone. This takes nothing away from the emotional weight, but it takes away the self-blame. It is not about your character. It is about the sensitivity of your follicles.
The four KPNI lenses on DHT hair loss
In clinical psychoneuroimmunology, KPNI for short, we do not look only at the scalp. We look at four interwoven levels that together explain why and how a hair follicle shrinks under DHT. Each lens explains one part at the cellular level. Together they form the picture.
Hormone system and the enzyme
At the center stands 5-alpha-reductase right at the hair follicle. At the cellular level it converts testosterone into the stronger DHT. There are two types of this enzyme, type 1 and type 2, and both are found in skin and scalp. The more enzyme activity is present in a sensitive follicle, the more DHT forms right there. So a normal testosterone level in the blood becomes a locally strong androgen signal at the follicle itself.
The receptor and the gene
DHT unfolds its power only when it binds to the androgen receptor in the cell. This receptor is built by a gene on the X chromosome. Sensitive follicles carry more receptors at the cellular level and therefore react more strongly. The hormone-receptor complex moves into the cell nucleus and switches genes that change the growth rhythm of the follicle. This is how an inherited predisposition translates into a concrete response of the individual hair cell.
The hair cycle and the follicle
Every hair goes through phases of growth, transition and rest. Under the pressure of DHT the growth phase shortens step by step at the cellular level. With each cycle the follicle produces a thinner, shorter hair. Strong terminal hair becomes fine fuzz. This process is called miniaturization. It explains why hair loss usually unfolds gradually and not overnight, because each cycle lasts months to years.
Nerve, immune and surroundings
The follicle does not live in a vacuum. A silent inflammation around the follicle, an altered blood supply and the stress state of the nervous system can co-shape the course. These factors are not the main cause, that remains the androgen signal, but they can make the follicle's surroundings more or less favorable. This is the reason why a look at the whole system stays useful, even when the lead role is clearly assigned.
These four lenses are not a theoretical model. They explain why a pure fixation on a blood value falls short. And now you know why a good consultation about hair loss is more than a look at the scalp.
Why hair falls out on top and stays at the back
The typical pattern of male pattern hair loss is no coincidence but a map of sensitivity. The receding hairline and the crown are often affected first, while the rim of hair at the back and sides stays intact for a long time. The reason lies in the follicles themselves.
Sensitive follicles carry more enzyme and more receptors
Systematic Review Francesca Lolli and colleagues reviewed in 2017 in Endocrine the research on androgenetic alopecia, from 1916 to 2016. They describe how the interplay of androgens and genetic predisposition leads to the progressive miniaturization of the hair follicle. The follicles in the androgen-sensitive zones carry more 5-alpha-reductase and more androgen receptors than the follicles at the back of the head. This explains the typical pattern and also why hair from the back of the head is suitable for a transplant.
Lolli F, Pallotti F, Rossi A, et al. Endocrine. 2017;57(1):9-17. doi:10.1007/s12020-017-1280-y · PMID: 28349362
The distribution is, in a sense, written into the scalp. Follicles that carry a lot of enzyme and many receptors hear the DHT signal louder and shrink earlier. Follicles at the back of the head often stay relatively insensitive for a lifetime. This knowledge is also the biological reason why transplanted donor hair from the back of the head usually keeps its resistance at the new site.
"Caps, blow-drying or frequent washing make the hair fall out." For male pattern hair loss this is not true. The process takes place at the follicle, driven by DHT and the inherited sensitivity, not at the surface. Mechanical care is not the driver here. If hair, however, falls out suddenly, in patches or with itching and scaling, that is a different picture and belongs in a medical work-up.
The role of genes: predisposition, not a verdict of fate
Male pattern hair loss does not carry the word inherited without reason. The predisposition is inherited, and not through a single gene but through the interplay of many gene variants. This is called polygenic. Two genetic regions are particularly well supported here.
Two risk regions, a markedly increased risk
Cohort, genome-wide Brent Richards and colleagues carried out in 2008 in Nature Genetics a genome-wide investigation in more than a thousand men and confirmed the results in further independent groups. They found a new risk region on chromosome 20 in addition to the known region at the androgen receptor gene on the X chromosome. Men who carried risk variants at both sites had an around sevenfold increased risk of male pattern hair loss. About one in seven men carries this unfavorable combination.
Richards JB, Yuan X, Geller F, et al. Nat Genet. 2008;40(11):1282-1284. doi:10.1038/ng.255 · PMID: 18849991
The androgen receptor gene itself also comes into focus. A meta-analysis by Fenglin Zhuo and colleagues in 2011 in Clinical and Experimental Dermatology evaluated eight studies with over 2000 affected men. A certain variant in the androgen receptor gene was associated with an increased risk of male pattern hair loss, especially in populations of European descent (doi:10.1111/j.1365-2230.2011.04186.x, PMID: 21981665). This fits the picture: those who inherit more sensitive receptors hear the DHT signal louder.
The sober reading matters here. Genes set the predisposition, but they do not determine every detail of pace and extent. The well-known hint about the maternal grandfather is only part of the truth, because many gene loci play along. The predisposition is real, but it is not a precise verdict about your exact course.
What the data show on finasteride and dutasteride
Before we talk about active substances, an honest word. For male pattern hair loss it is not about a cure but about slowing and partly reversing a progressive process. This is exactly where 5-alpha-reductase inhibitors come in. They lower DHT and thereby take pressure off the sensitive follicles.
Finasteride slowed the loss and let hair regrow
RCT, double-blind, n=1553 Keith Kaufman and colleagues investigated in 1998 in the Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology, in two one-year studies, 1553 men with male pattern hair loss. Those who received finasteride had more hair and a better appearance after one and after two years than under placebo, confirmed by hair count, photo assessment and self-assessment. In the placebo group, by contrast, hair loss progressed. The side effects in this study were minimal. This shows that a reduction of DHT can favorably influence the course.
Kaufman KD, Olsen EA, Whiting D, et al. J Am Acad Dermatol. 1998;39(4 Pt 1):578-589. doi:10.1016/s0190-9622(98)70007-6 · PMID: 9777765
A later review with meta-analysis by Aditya Gupta and colleagues in 2021 in The Journal of Dermatological Treatment summarized the studies. Finasteride 1 mg daily increased the hair count markedly compared to placebo, after 24 and after 48 weeks. The same work also openly describes the possible sexual side effects and the warning about depressive symptoms that was added after reports of complaints (doi:10.1080/09546634.2021.1959506, PMID: 34291720). This honesty is part of it.
Dutasteride lowers DHT more strongly and brought somewhat more hair
RCT, double-blind, n=917 Walter Gubelin Harcha and colleagues compared in 2014 in the Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology, in 917 men, different doses of dutasteride with finasteride and placebo over 24 weeks. Dutasteride inhibits both types of 5-alpha-reductase and lowers DHT more strongly. At the higher dose it increased hair count and hair width more than finasteride. The number and severity of side effects was similar between the groups. One limitation is the short study duration of 24 weeks.
Gubelin Harcha W, Barboza Martínez J, Tsai TF, et al. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2014;70(3):489-498.e3. doi:10.1016/j.jaad.2013.10.049 · PMID: 24411083
An earlier dose comparison by Elise Olsen and colleagues in 2006, also in the Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology, pointed in the same direction. Dutasteride increased hair growth in a dose-dependent way, and the highest dose was superior to finasteride after twelve and 24 weeks, with a measurably stronger drop in DHT (doi:10.1016/j.jaad.2006.05.007, PMID: 17110217). What remains important: dutasteride is not officially approved for hair loss in many countries, and a stronger reduction of DHT can shift the balance of benefit and risk.
There are also data beyond the tablet. A small controlled study by Alfredo Rossi and Gemma Caro in 2023 in the Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology investigated topical applications. The combination of topical minoxidil and topical finasteride increased hair density more than each single application, with good tolerability and without a measurable change in the hormone values in the blood (doi:10.1111/jocd.15953, PMID: 37798906). Topical approaches are being studied to reduce the systemic burden, but they are not yet the established standard.
The post-finasteride debate placed honestly
This is where it gets delicate, and honesty matters more than a comfortable answer. Some men report that sexual side effects such as declining libido or erection problems persist even after stopping finasteride. The term post-finasteride syndrome has become established for this. The question of how often and how lastingly this really occurs cannot be answered clearly with the available data.
An increased risk, but no final picture on persistence
Meta-analysis, 15 RCTs, n=4495 Solam Lee and colleagues evaluated in 2019 in Acta Dermato-Venereologica 15 placebo-controlled studies with 4495 men. Taking 5-alpha-reductase inhibitors was associated with an around 1.6-fold increased risk of sexual dysfunction. For finasteride the increase was statistically clear, for dutasteride it was not, owing to fewer data. The authors stress that physicians should know about this possible side effect and address it. On the question of lasting complaints after stopping, the analysis makes no conclusive statement.
Lee S, Lee YB, Choe SJ, Lee WS. Acta Derm Venereol. 2019;99(1):12-17. doi:10.2340/00015555-3035 · PMID: 30206635
A detailed review by Abdulmaged Traish in 2020 in Fertility and Sterility argues that a subgroup of men develops persistent sexual, neurological and physical complaints, possibly on the basis of an individual, epigenetic susceptibility. The author at the same time concedes that many studies recorded the side effects incompletely and that the underlying mechanism is not yet conclusively settled (doi:10.1016/j.fertnstert.2019.11.030, PMID: 32033719).
A mechanism via the brain is also discussed. Silvia Giatti and colleagues compared in 2018 in Endocrine the post-finasteride syndrome with persistent sexual complaints after certain antidepressants and point to neuroactive steroids, that is messengers that form in the brain from hormone precursors and depend on 5-alpha-reductase (doi:10.1007/s12020-018-1593-5, PMID: 29675596). This is a plausible hypothesis, but not yet a proven fact.
What does this mean for you? The data today allow the following statement: sexual side effects during use are real and should be discussed. Whether and how often complaints persist is scientifically still open. This uncertainty is no reason for panic and no reason to play it down. It is a reason to make the decision calmly and with medical guidance, with clear information about benefits and risks.
Three levers for a good decision
For male pattern hair loss it is less about a miracle cure and more about an informed, early decision. These three levers are a start, not a treatment plan. You will find your individual path with medical guidance.
Understand early what is happening with you
Because miniaturization unfolds gradually, early clarity often counts more than late activism. A medical assessment can clarify whether it really is the inherited type or whether another cause is behind it. The earlier you know the pattern, the calmer and more informed you can decide whether and which path fits you.
Weigh benefit and risk honestly
5-alpha-reductase inhibitors can slow and partly reverse the course, but they are prescription only and not free of possible side effects. A good decision weighs the wish to keep your hair against the open questions, especially around sexual side effects. This belongs in an open medical conversation, not in a quick online order without consultation.
Look at the whole system, not just the hair
Early hair loss can be an occasion to look calmly at weight, blood sugar, sleep and stress. This will not switch off the inherited sensitivity of the follicles, but a stable metabolic and stress environment supports the entire hormone system. Realistic expectations also protect against expensive promises whose evidence is thin.
And if hair loss appears suddenly, in patches or with complaints of the scalp, that belongs in a medical work-up instead of being attributed prematurely to DHT. A good diagnosis distinguishes the inherited type from other causes such as the thyroid, iron deficiency or an autoimmune reaction. This way you find the right approach instead of searching in the wrong place.
It is about the sensitivity of your follicles, not about your masculinity
Your hair loss is not a sign of too much testosterone and not a failure. It is the response of genetically sensitive follicles to DHT. Once you understand this, you can decide calmly instead of blaming yourself. You do not have to chase every promise. An early, well-informed decision and a look at the whole system are a calmer path.
Frequently asked questions about DHT, hair loss and testosterone
Does a high testosterone level cause hair loss?
This is one of the most stubborn myths. Your total testosterone level in the blood says very little about whether you will develop male pattern hair loss. What matters is not how much testosterone you have but what happens to it at the hair follicle. There the enzyme 5-alpha-reductase converts testosterone into the much stronger dihydrotestosterone, or DHT for short. Above all, what counts is how sensitive your hair follicles are to DHT. This sensitivity is inherited. Men with a strong beard and a lot of body hair can keep a full head of hair, and men with rather low levels can go bald. So it comes down to a local sensitivity, not the amount in the blood.
What exactly is DHT and how does it form?
DHT stands for dihydrotestosterone. It is an androgen, that is a male sex hormone, that forms from testosterone. The enzyme 5-alpha-reductase removes a chemical double bond and turns testosterone into the much more active DHT. DHT binds more strongly and for longer to the androgen receptor than testosterone itself. During puberty DHT is important for development. At the scalp, however, this very strength can become a problem when the hair follicles are genetically sensitive. There are two main types of 5-alpha-reductase, type 1 and type 2, and both play a role in hair loss.
Why does hair fall out on top but not at the back of the head?
The typical pattern is no coincidence. In many men the hair follicles in the front and upper area of the scalp react more sensitively to DHT than the follicles at the back and sides. Research shows that the sensitive follicles contain higher amounts of 5-alpha-reductase and more androgen receptors. Under the influence of DHT these follicles shrink step by step. Strong terminal hair becomes finer, shorter fuzz. This is called miniaturization. The follicles at the back of the head are often spared for a long time, and that is exactly why donor hair for a hair transplant comes from there.
How big is the influence of genes on hair loss?
Male pattern hair loss is strongly shaped by genetics. However, it is not a single gene but an interplay of many gene variants, that is polygenic. Two especially important regions lie on the X chromosome near the androgen receptor gene and on chromosome 20. A large genetic study found that men carrying risk variants at both sites had a markedly increased risk. The sober reading matters: genes set the predisposition, but they are not a verdict of fate about the exact pace. When and how quickly hair loss shows up can vary a great deal from one person to the next.
How does finasteride work and how well is it supported?
Finasteride mainly inhibits type 2 of 5-alpha-reductase and thereby lowers the DHT level at the scalp and in the blood. Less DHT means less pressure on the sensitive hair follicles. In large, placebo-controlled studies over one to two years finasteride slowed hair loss and let many men grow more hair again. An extension over five years suggested a lasting effect. The honest expectation matters: finasteride can slow and partly reverse the course, but it is prescription only, works only while it is being taken and is not free of possible side effects.
What about dutasteride, is it stronger?
Dutasteride inhibits both type 1 and type 2 of 5-alpha-reductase and lowers DHT even more than finasteride. In controlled studies dutasteride at the higher dose led to a somewhat larger gain in hair than finasteride. However, the study periods are often shorter and dutasteride is not officially approved for hair loss in many countries. A stronger reduction of DHT could in theory also affect the risk of hormonal side effects. Whether the additional benefit is worth the trade-off belongs in a medical consultation, not in a blanket recommendation.
What is behind the post-finasteride debate?
Some men report that sexual side effects such as declining libido or erection problems persist even after stopping finasteride. The term post-finasteride syndrome has become established for this. Honestly, the evidence here is mixed. A meta-analysis of controlled studies found an increased risk of sexual dysfunction during use. How often complaints really persist and through which mechanism is scientifically not yet conclusively settled. Effects on neuroactive steroids in the brain are discussed. This uncertainty is a good reason to discuss benefits and risks calmly with a doctor before starting.
Can I stop DHT hair loss naturally?
This calls for honesty. For many advertised natural DHT blockers, such as certain plant extracts, the evidence is thin and the effects, if any, are small. Male pattern hair loss is a progressive process with a strong genetic component. Lifestyle can support the connected hormone system, but it cannot simply switch off an inherited sensitivity of the hair follicles to DHT. That does not mean you are powerless. It means that realistic expectations and an early, well-informed decision matter more than the promise of a miracle cure.
Is early hair loss linked to other health risks?
There are observations that suggest a connection between early male pattern hair loss and metabolic as well as cardiovascular topics. The common thread could be androgen signaling and the insulin situation. The cautious reading matters: a connection in observational data is not proof of cause and effect, and hair loss does not make you ill. The more useful thought is the reverse one. Early hair loss can be an occasion to look calmly at the whole system, that is weight, blood sugar, sleep and stress, instead of focusing only on the scalp.
When should I see a doctor about hair loss?
A slowly progressing hair loss in the typical pattern over years is usually inherited and not an emergency. You should have hair loss checked by a doctor if it appears suddenly, in patches or in clumps, if it goes along with itching, redness or scaling of the scalp, or if it is accompanied by other complaints such as fatigue, weight change or skin changes. There can be treatable causes behind it, for example a thyroid disorder, an iron deficiency, an autoimmune reaction or scarring. Anyone considering finasteride or dutasteride should also discuss this with a doctor. A good work-up looks at the whole picture, not just the hair.
All topics in the cluster "Hormone Guide (Men)"
This spoke is part of a larger picture. The pillar is the hub, each topic illuminates a part of the connected system.
- Hormones in Men (overview/pillar)
- Testosterone is falling worldwide (each generation less)
- Testosterone deficiency: symptoms in men
- Raising testosterone naturally
- Testosterone test: understanding your values
- TRT: testosterone replacement therapy
- Erectile dysfunction: causes
- Loss of libido in men
- Hypogonadism: forms and causes
- Gynecomastia: hormonal causes
- Sperm quality and fertility
- Testosterone boosters: what do they do
- Andropause: the male menopause
- Micronutrients for testosterone
- DHT, hair loss and testosterone
- Estrogen in men and aromatase
- Cortisol, stress, sleep and testosterone
- Overweight, insulin and testosterone
- Xenoestrogens in men
- Sport, strength training and testosterone
- Prolactin and the thyroid in men
Connections to other topics
Why the testosterone level in the blood says less about hair loss than many think, and when a low value really is a topic.
How androgens co-shape hair loss in women too, with their own patterns and a different role of aromatase.
How the stress axis can co-shape the surroundings of the hair follicle and the whole hormone system that accompanies hair loss.
Iron deficiency is an important, treatable cause of hair loss that differs from the inherited type.
A borderline thyroid can co-cause hair loss and belongs on the table during the work-up.
The gut co-influences, via the immune system and silent inflammation, how favorable the surroundings around the hair follicle stay.
Sources and further reading
- Kaufman KD. Androgens and alopecia. Mol Cell Endocrinol. 2002;198(1-2):89-95. doi:10.1016/s0303-7207(02)00372-6 · PMID: 12573818 [Review]
- Lolli F, Pallotti F, Rossi A, Fortuna MC, Caro G, Lenzi A, Sansone A, Lombardo F. Androgenetic alopecia: a review. Endocrine. 2017;57(1):9-17. doi:10.1007/s12020-017-1280-y · PMID: 28349362 [Systematic Review]
- Richards JB, Yuan X, Geller F, et al. Male-pattern baldness susceptibility locus at 20p11. Nat Genet. 2008;40(11):1282-1284. doi:10.1038/ng.255 · PMID: 18849991 [Cohort]
- Zhuo FL, Xu W, Wang L, Wu Y, Xu ZL, Zhao JY. Androgen receptor gene polymorphisms and risk for androgenetic alopecia: a meta-analysis. Clin Exp Dermatol. 2012;37(2):104-111. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2230.2011.04186.x · PMID: 21981665 [Meta-analysis]
- Kaufman KD, Olsen EA, Whiting D, et al. Finasteride in the treatment of men with androgenetic alopecia. J Am Acad Dermatol. 1998;39(4 Pt 1):578-589. doi:10.1016/s0190-9622(98)70007-6 · PMID: 9777765 [RCT]
- Gubelin Harcha W, Barboza Martínez J, Tsai TF, et al. A randomized, active- and placebo-controlled study of the efficacy and safety of different doses of dutasteride versus placebo and finasteride in the treatment of male subjects with androgenetic alopecia. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2014;70(3):489-498.e3. doi:10.1016/j.jaad.2013.10.049 · PMID: 24411083 [RCT]
- Olsen EA, Hordinsky M, Whiting D, et al. The importance of dual 5alpha-reductase inhibition in the treatment of male pattern hair loss: results of a randomized placebo-controlled study of dutasteride versus finasteride. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2006;55(6):1014-1023. doi:10.1016/j.jaad.2006.05.007 · PMID: 17110217 [RCT]
- Rossi A, Caro G. Efficacy of the association of topical minoxidil and topical finasteride compared to their use in monotherapy in men with androgenetic alopecia: a prospective, randomized, controlled, assessor blinded, 3-arm, pilot trial. J Cosmet Dermatol. 2023;23(2):502-509. doi:10.1111/jocd.15953 · PMID: 37798906 [RCT]
- Gupta AK, Venkataraman M, Talukder M, Bamimore MA. Finasteride for hair loss: a review. J Dermatolog Treat. 2022;33(4):1938-1946. doi:10.1080/09546634.2021.1959506 · PMID: 34291720 [Review]
- Gupta AK, Charrette A. The efficacy and safety of 5α-reductase inhibitors in androgenetic alopecia: a network meta-analysis and benefit-risk assessment of finasteride and dutasteride. J Dermatolog Treat. 2014;25(2):156-161. doi:10.3109/09546634.2013.813011 · PMID: 23768246 [Meta-analysis]
- Lee S, Lee YB, Choe SJ, Lee WS. Adverse Sexual Effects of Treatment with Finasteride or Dutasteride for Male Androgenetic Alopecia: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Acta Derm Venereol. 2019;99(1):12-17. doi:10.2340/00015555-3035 · PMID: 30206635 [Meta-analysis]
- Traish AM. Post-finasteride syndrome: a surmountable challenge for clinicians. Fertil Steril. 2020;113(1):21-50. doi:10.1016/j.fertnstert.2019.11.030 · PMID: 32033719 [Review]
- Giatti S, Diviccaro S, Panzica G, Melcangi RC. Post-finasteride syndrome and post-SSRI sexual dysfunction: two sides of the same coin? Endocrine. 2018;61(2):180-193. doi:10.1007/s12020-018-1593-5 · PMID: 29675596 [Review]
- Arif T, Dorjay K, Adil M, Sami M. Dutasteride in Androgenetic Alopecia: An Update. Curr Clin Pharmacol. 2017;12(1):31-35. doi:10.2174/1574884712666170310111125 · PMID: 28294070 [Review]